A “meter of water @ 4°C” is a unique unit used primarily to measure pressure. At this specific temperature, water reaches its maximum density, and the pressure exerted by a one-meter column of water is approximately 9.81 kilopascals or 0.0979 atmospheres. This scenario represents the optimal conditions for standardizing pressure measurements because the physical properties of water are most stable, reducing variances in calculations.
This unit is especially important in fields like plumbing and hydraulics, where accurate pressure measurements are crucial. Understanding these principles can lead to better designs in water distribution systems, preventing common issues such as pipe bursts or inefficient water flow, ensuring systems operate safely and efficiently.
The Pascal, named after the French mathematician and physicist Blaise Pascal, is the SI unit of pressure. It is equivalent to one newton per square meter, symbolized as Pa. Despite its relatively recent introduction in 1971, the Pascal honors the pioneering work of Pascal in fluid mechanics and pressure, such as Pascal’s Law, which explains how pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished in all directions. Interestingly, a single Pascal is a tiny unit of pressure, roughly equal to the pressure exerted by a dollar bill resting flat on a table. This illustrates why everyday atmospheric pressure is typically measured in kilopascals (kPa), as one standard atmosphere is about 101.3 kPa.
| Meters of water @ 4°C | Pascals |
|---|---|
0
mH₂O
|
0
Pa
|
1
mH₂O
|
9806.65
Pa
|
2
mH₂O
|
19613.3
Pa
|
3
mH₂O
|
29419.95
Pa
|
4
mH₂O
|
39226.6
Pa
|
5
mH₂O
|
49033.25
Pa
|
6
mH₂O
|
58839.9
Pa
|
7
mH₂O
|
68646.55
Pa
|
8
mH₂O
|
78453.2
Pa
|
9
mH₂O
|
88259.85
Pa
|
10
mH₂O
|
98066.5
Pa
|
11
mH₂O
|
107873.15
Pa
|
12
mH₂O
|
117679.8
Pa
|
13
mH₂O
|
127486.45
Pa
|
14
mH₂O
|
137293.1
Pa
|
15
mH₂O
|
147099.75
Pa
|
16
mH₂O
|
156906.4
Pa
|
17
mH₂O
|
166713.05
Pa
|
18
mH₂O
|
176519.7
Pa
|
19
mH₂O
|
186326.35
Pa
|
20
mH₂O
|
196133
Pa
|
21
mH₂O
|
205939.65
Pa
|
22
mH₂O
|
215746.3
Pa
|
23
mH₂O
|
225552.95
Pa
|
24
mH₂O
|
235359.6
Pa
|
25
mH₂O
|
245166.25
Pa
|
26
mH₂O
|
254972.9
Pa
|
27
mH₂O
|
264779.55
Pa
|
28
mH₂O
|
274586.2
Pa
|
29
mH₂O
|
284392.85
Pa
|
30
mH₂O
|
294199.5
Pa
|
31
mH₂O
|
304006.15
Pa
|
32
mH₂O
|
313812.8
Pa
|
33
mH₂O
|
323619.45
Pa
|
34
mH₂O
|
333426.1
Pa
|
35
mH₂O
|
343232.75
Pa
|
36
mH₂O
|
353039.4
Pa
|
37
mH₂O
|
362846.05
Pa
|
38
mH₂O
|
372652.7
Pa
|
39
mH₂O
|
382459.35
Pa
|
40
mH₂O
|
392266
Pa
|
41
mH₂O
|
402072.65
Pa
|
42
mH₂O
|
411879.3
Pa
|
43
mH₂O
|
421685.95
Pa
|
44
mH₂O
|
431492.6
Pa
|
45
mH₂O
|
441299.25
Pa
|
46
mH₂O
|
451105.9
Pa
|
47
mH₂O
|
460912.55
Pa
|
48
mH₂O
|
470719.2
Pa
|
49
mH₂O
|
480525.85
Pa
|
50
mH₂O
|
490332.5
Pa
|
51
mH₂O
|
500139.15
Pa
|
52
mH₂O
|
509945.8
Pa
|
53
mH₂O
|
519752.45
Pa
|
54
mH₂O
|
529559.1
Pa
|
55
mH₂O
|
539365.75
Pa
|
56
mH₂O
|
549172.4
Pa
|
57
mH₂O
|
558979.05
Pa
|
58
mH₂O
|
568785.7
Pa
|
59
mH₂O
|
578592.35
Pa
|
60
mH₂O
|
588399
Pa
|
61
mH₂O
|
598205.65
Pa
|
62
mH₂O
|
608012.3
Pa
|
63
mH₂O
|
617818.95
Pa
|
64
mH₂O
|
627625.6
Pa
|
65
mH₂O
|
637432.25
Pa
|
66
mH₂O
|
647238.9
Pa
|
67
mH₂O
|
657045.55
Pa
|
68
mH₂O
|
666852.2
Pa
|
69
mH₂O
|
676658.85
Pa
|
70
mH₂O
|
686465.5
Pa
|
71
mH₂O
|
696272.15
Pa
|
72
mH₂O
|
706078.8
Pa
|
73
mH₂O
|
715885.45
Pa
|
74
mH₂O
|
725692.1
Pa
|
75
mH₂O
|
735498.75
Pa
|
76
mH₂O
|
745305.4
Pa
|
77
mH₂O
|
755112.05
Pa
|
78
mH₂O
|
764918.7
Pa
|
79
mH₂O
|
774725.35
Pa
|
80
mH₂O
|
784532
Pa
|
81
mH₂O
|
794338.65
Pa
|
82
mH₂O
|
804145.3
Pa
|
83
mH₂O
|
813951.95
Pa
|
84
mH₂O
|
823758.6
Pa
|
85
mH₂O
|
833565.25
Pa
|
86
mH₂O
|
843371.9
Pa
|
87
mH₂O
|
853178.55
Pa
|
88
mH₂O
|
862985.2
Pa
|
89
mH₂O
|
872791.85
Pa
|
90
mH₂O
|
882598.5
Pa
|
91
mH₂O
|
892405.15
Pa
|
92
mH₂O
|
902211.8
Pa
|
93
mH₂O
|
912018.45
Pa
|
94
mH₂O
|
921825.1
Pa
|
95
mH₂O
|
931631.75
Pa
|
96
mH₂O
|
941438.4
Pa
|
97
mH₂O
|
951245.05
Pa
|
98
mH₂O
|
961051.7
Pa
|
99
mH₂O
|
970858.35
Pa
|
100
mH₂O
|
980665
Pa
|
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