The kilogram, the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI), has a fascinating history tied to a physical artifact. Until 2019, it was defined by Le Grand K, a platinum-iridium cylinder stored in a vault in France. However, even slight surface contamination or material wear could alter its mass. To ensure a more stable and universally consistent measure, the kilogram is now defined by the Planck constant—a fundamental constant of nature—using a Kibble balance. This revolutionary change marked a significant milestone in metrology and brings mass measurement into line with other SI units that are already defined by fundamental constants, rather than physical objects.
The gram is a deceptively small yet crucial unit of mass in the metric system, tracing its roots back to the French Revolution. Originally defined in 1795 as the mass of one cubic centimeter of water at the melting ice’s temperature, it laid the foundation for the modern metric system we use today. Few people realize that everyday items like a paperclip or a dollar bill weigh roughly a gram, highlighting just how lightweight this unit truly is.
Moreover, in the scientific community, the gram is indispensable, especially in chemistry where molecular weights are expressed in grams per mole, serving as a bridge between the atomic and macroscopic worlds. Its precision is vital in fields ranging from pharmacology to engineering, where exact measurements can mean the difference between success and failure in critical applications.
| Kilograms | Grams |
|---|---|
0
kg
|
0
g
|
1
kg
|
1000
g
|
2
kg
|
2000
g
|
3
kg
|
3000
g
|
4
kg
|
4000
g
|
5
kg
|
5000
g
|
6
kg
|
6000
g
|
7
kg
|
7000
g
|
8
kg
|
8000
g
|
9
kg
|
9000
g
|
10
kg
|
10000
g
|
11
kg
|
11000
g
|
12
kg
|
12000
g
|
13
kg
|
13000
g
|
14
kg
|
14000
g
|
15
kg
|
15000
g
|
16
kg
|
16000
g
|
17
kg
|
17000
g
|
18
kg
|
18000
g
|
19
kg
|
19000
g
|
20
kg
|
20000
g
|
21
kg
|
21000
g
|
22
kg
|
22000
g
|
23
kg
|
23000
g
|
24
kg
|
24000
g
|
25
kg
|
25000
g
|
26
kg
|
26000
g
|
27
kg
|
27000
g
|
28
kg
|
28000
g
|
29
kg
|
29000
g
|
30
kg
|
30000
g
|
31
kg
|
31000
g
|
32
kg
|
32000
g
|
33
kg
|
33000
g
|
34
kg
|
34000
g
|
35
kg
|
35000
g
|
36
kg
|
36000
g
|
37
kg
|
37000
g
|
38
kg
|
38000
g
|
39
kg
|
39000
g
|
40
kg
|
40000
g
|
41
kg
|
41000
g
|
42
kg
|
42000
g
|
43
kg
|
43000
g
|
44
kg
|
44000
g
|
45
kg
|
45000
g
|
46
kg
|
46000
g
|
47
kg
|
47000
g
|
48
kg
|
48000
g
|
49
kg
|
49000
g
|
50
kg
|
50000
g
|
51
kg
|
51000
g
|
52
kg
|
52000
g
|
53
kg
|
53000
g
|
54
kg
|
54000
g
|
55
kg
|
55000
g
|
56
kg
|
56000
g
|
57
kg
|
57000
g
|
58
kg
|
58000
g
|
59
kg
|
59000
g
|
60
kg
|
60000
g
|
61
kg
|
61000
g
|
62
kg
|
62000
g
|
63
kg
|
63000
g
|
64
kg
|
64000
g
|
65
kg
|
65000
g
|
66
kg
|
66000
g
|
67
kg
|
67000
g
|
68
kg
|
68000
g
|
69
kg
|
69000
g
|
70
kg
|
70000
g
|
71
kg
|
71000
g
|
72
kg
|
72000
g
|
73
kg
|
73000
g
|
74
kg
|
74000
g
|
75
kg
|
75000
g
|
76
kg
|
76000
g
|
77
kg
|
77000
g
|
78
kg
|
78000
g
|
79
kg
|
79000
g
|
80
kg
|
80000
g
|
81
kg
|
81000
g
|
82
kg
|
82000
g
|
83
kg
|
83000
g
|
84
kg
|
84000
g
|
85
kg
|
85000
g
|
86
kg
|
86000
g
|
87
kg
|
87000
g
|
88
kg
|
88000
g
|
89
kg
|
89000
g
|
90
kg
|
90000
g
|
91
kg
|
91000
g
|
92
kg
|
92000
g
|
93
kg
|
93000
g
|
94
kg
|
94000
g
|
95
kg
|
95000
g
|
96
kg
|
96000
g
|
97
kg
|
97000
g
|
98
kg
|
98000
g
|
99
kg
|
99000
g
|
100
kg
|
100000
g
|
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